MCQs on Important Institutions & Headquarters of India

• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Mo.E.F.C.C.).
• It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
• The CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
• The board has approximately 500 full-time employees.
• It Coordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them.
• It is the apex organization in the country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing of MoEFCC.

• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was formed on 22 September 1974.
• The chairperson of CPCB is Dr Prashant Gargava.
• Environmental Pollution Control Authority is a pollution controlling agency only for the National Capital Region (NCR).

• The Institute of Wood Science and Technology is a research institute situated in Bangalore, Karnataka.
• The institute works under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education of the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
• It is recognized to be a Centre of Excellence by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India.
• The institute was established in the year 1938.
• The present Chief Minister and the Governor of Karnataka are Mr. Siddaramaiah and Mr. Thawar Chand Gehlot (As of April 2022).

Option 1 is correct:

• Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters was established on 12 March 1954 by the Government of India.
• Sahitya Akademi is the central institution for literary dialogue, publication, and promotion in the country and the only institution that undertakes literary activities in 24 Indian languages, including English.
• Akademi gives 24 awards annually to literary works in the languages it has recognized.
• Amrita Pritam was an Indian writer and poet, who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi.
• She has conferred the Sahitya Akademi award for her poetry Sunehure in 1956.

• Directorate of Enforcement is a specialized financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
• On 1 May 1956, an Enforcement Unit’ was formed, in the Department of Economic Affairs, for handling Exchange Control Laws violations under Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947.
• In the year 1957, this Unit was renamed as Enforcement Directorate’.
• ED enforces the following laws:
  • Foreign Exchange Management Act,1999 (FEMA)
  • Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)

The correct answer is Delhi.

• The headquarter of AAI is located in the capital city of India Delhi.
• It is under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.
• It was founded on 1 April 1995.
• Arvind Singh is the current Chairman of AAI.
• It provides Communication Navigation Surveillance / Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.

Note: Sanjeev Kumar is appointed as the new chairman of the Airport Authority of India

• New Delhi is the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.
• The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honor, that is conferred by India’s National Academy of Letters, Sahitya Akademi annually to writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 listed languages.
• The winners will be honored with a copper plaque and prize money of Rs 1 lakh.

• Sahitya Akademi Award 2019 Winners:

  Language	Title & Genre	Author
  English	An Era of Darkness (Non-Fiction)	Shashi Tharoor
  Hindi	Chheelate Hue Apne Ko (Poetry)	Nand Kishore Acharya
  Bengali	Ghumer Darja Thele (Essays)	Chinmoy Guha
  Bodo	Akhai Athumniphrai (Poetry)	Phukan Ch. Basumatary
  Santhali	Marom (Novel)	Shyam Besra

• It is to be noted Santhali language was used in Rajya Sabha for the first time.
• In 2005 Bodo and Santhali were introduced in Sahitya Akademi Award.
• The first award was given in 1955.

• Kapurthala Rail Coach Factory is a coach manufacturing unit for the Indian Railways, located in the state of Punjab.
• It is located on the Jalandhar-Firozpur railway line.
• Established in 1986, RCF has manufactured more than 30,000 passenger coaches of various types, including self-propelled passenger vehicles, making up more than 50% of the total Indian Railway coach population.
• It is a production unit with a per-year target of 1025 coaches.
• This production accounts for over 35 per cent of the total Indian Railway coach population.
• In the financial year 2013-14, the Rail Coach Factory (RCF) generated a record number of coaches as it achieved the mark of 1701 coaches against an installed capacity of 1500 per annum.
• RCF manufactured 23 different coach variants for high-speed trains such as Rajdhani, Shatabdi, double-decker, and other trains during the year.
• A highly cost-effective indigenous technology for the treatment of biowaste in coaches was also developed by the factory in association with DRDE.
• In 2013–14, approximately 2096 bio-toilets were installed.
• Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) coaches have already been exported by the factory to Southeast Asian and African countries with Metre Gauge rail networks and the experience of Indian Railways in Meter Gauge rolling stock has proven handy in serving these markets.

Railways coach factory, Kapurthala

​

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central bank.
  • RBI was established on 1^st April 1935.
  • Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra.
  • RBI was set up on the recommendation of the Hilton Young Commission.
  • Reserve Bank of India act was passed in 1934.
  • RBI is also called as "Banker's Bank".
  • RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949.
  • RBI issues all the currency notes above one rupee.
  • Sir Osborne Smith was the first Governor of the Reserve Bank.
  • C.D. Deshmukh was the first Indian Governor of the Reserve Bank.

• RBI Appointments:
  • Current RBI Governor:Shaktikanta Das.
• Recently Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a mobile app “Mobile Aided Note Identifier (MANI)” for helping visually challenged people

• The SEBI was established in the year 1988.

• The Securities and Exchange Board of India was constituted on 12^th April 1988.
  • It is the regulator of the securities and commodity market in India owned by the Government of India.
  • It was given Statutory Powers on 30^th January 1992 through the SEBI Act, 1992.
  • SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandra Kurla Complex in Mumbai and has Northern, Eastern, Southern, and Western Regional Offices in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Ahmedabad respectively.
  • Controller of Capital Issues was the regulatory authority before SEBI came into existence; it derived authority from the Capital Issues (Control) Act, 1947.
  • The aim of SEBI is .to protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
  • Ms. Madhabi Puri Buch is the current Chairman of SEBI.

• Jawahar Lal Nehru Agriculture University is located at Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is a public university specializing in the field of agriculture.
• Jawahar Lal Nehru Agriculture University came into existence on 2^nd October 1964.
• The core-motto of Jawahar Lal Nehru Agriculture University believes that agriculture sustains life.
• It was inaugurated by the then Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting Indira Gandhi.

• The University had to part with the creation of sister universities namely:
  • Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya at Raipur in Chhattisgarh.
  • Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya at Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University at Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
• At present,Pradeep Kumar Bisen is the Vice-Chancellor of the Jawahar Lal Nehru Agriculture University.

FCI is responsible for procuring and stocking food grains

ICAR:

• It stands for Indian Council of Agricultural Research
• Founded on 16th July, 1929
• Headquaters: New Delhi
• Current Chaiman: Dr. Trilokan Mohapatra
• The council is apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal science in the country.

FSSAI

• It stands for Food Safety and Standard Authority of India
• It is an autonomous body established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
• The FSSAI has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
• Founded in August 2011
• Headquaters: New Delhi

APEDA

• It stands for Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.
• Founded in 1986
• It is an apex body under Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India

FCI

• It stands for Food Corporation of India
• Founded on 14th January, 1965
• It is a Statuary body under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India.
• Headquaters: New Delhi

Confusion Points

• Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located in the Bhagalpur district of Bihar, India.

• Asia's and India's first National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) is situated in Patna. It is located on the bank of the Ganges on the premises of Patna University.
• The project to set up the National Dolphin Research Centre was proposed in the year 2011.
• According to the deputy chief minister of Bihar state Mr. Sushil Kumar Modi, around 1,455 dolphins have been sighted during a survey conducted in 2018-19 in the river Ganga by the teams of experts.
• The Gangetic dolphin is one of the four freshwater dolphin species in the world. It has been declared an endangered aquatic animal.
• The other three species are said to be found in the Indus River in Pakistan, the Yangtze River, and the Amazon River globally.

• It was the first capital of the Magadha empire. The birthplace of the 20^th Jain Tirthankar Munisuvrata was Rajgir.
• The most famous University of Nalanda is located in Rajgir. Here the first Buddhist council was held by Ajatshatru and the president of this council was Mahakashyapa.

• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development):
  • NABARD is a development bank concentrating principally on the rural sector of the country. It is the apex banking institution to provide finance for Agriculture and rural development. Its headquarter is located in Mumbai.
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) at the demand of the Government of India, constituted a Committee to Review the Arrangements For Institutional Credit for Agriculture and Rural Development (CRAFICARD) in 1979, under the Chairmanship of Shri B. Sivaraman, a former member of Planning Commission.
  • In the year 1982, CRAFICARD recommended the establishment of a developmental bank, and accordingly, NABARD was set up.
  • NABARD supervises the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks along with developing their banking practices and integrating them to the Core Banking Solution (CBS) platform.
  • The preparation of district-level credit plans by NABARD is used to guide and motivate the banking industry to achieve the required targets.
  • NABARD also helps handicraft artisans sell their products by training and giving a marketing platform for them.

• Lalit Kala Akademi, the National Academy of Art, was set up on 5 Aug 1954 in New Delhi.

• It was set up by the government of India for the development and promulgation of the arts of India across the country and around the world.
• V. Nagdas is the present chairman of the Lalit Kala Akademi. He is an artist and sculptor.
• Lalit Kala Akademi honors ‘The National Art Award’ to eminent artists for their lifetime achievements in arts.
• The first time it was announced in 1955, Jamini Roy was the recipient. It was last announced in the year 2006.

• Indian Space Research Organisation was formed on 15th August 1969.
• It superseded the erstwhile INCOSPAR. Vikram Sarabhai, having identified the role and importance of space technology in a Nation's development, provided ISRO the necessary direction to function as an agent of development.
• ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space-based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the same independently.
• ISRO develops and delivers application-specific satellite products and tools to the Nation: broadcasts, communications, weather forecasts, disaster management tools, Geographic Information Systems, cartography, navigation, telemedicine, dedicated distance education satellites being some of them.

• The headquarters of ISRO is situated in Bengaluru.
• The Secretariat of DOS and headquarters of ISRO are located at Antariksh Bhavan in Bangaluru.
• ISRO was formed on 15 August 1969.
• S. Somanath is the current chairman of ISRO.
• PSLV-C25, twenty-fifth flight of PSLV launched Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft.
• It was launched from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.

• The Forest Research Institute of India is located in Dehradun, the capital city of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand.
• The institute was established in 1906 and is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions in India dedicated to forestry research, education, and training.
• It is spread over 450 hectares and includes a museum, herbarium, arboretum, and several research centers and laboratories.
• The Forest Research Institute of India is a leading center for forestry research and education in the country and plays a crucial role in the conservation and sustainable management of India's forest resources.

• Kailasavadivoo Sivan was the former chairman of the space commission and Indian Space Research Organisation (As of 2021).
• Shri S. Somanath assumed the charge of Secretary, Department of Space and Chairman, Space Commission on 14 January 2022.
• He is also the secretary of the space department.
• He is known as the Rocketmanbecause of his significant contribution to the development of cryogenic engines for the Indian space program.
• He developed an innovative 'day of the launch wind biasing strategy' that enables rocket launch any day under varied weather conditions.
• He was awarded the ISRO merit award 2007, Dr Biren Roy space science and design award 2011, distinguished alumnus award from MIT alumni Association 2013, ISRO award for outstanding achievement 2016, distinguished alumnus award from IIT Bombay 2017, etc.
• He is also named for Von Karman Award 2020 by the International Academy of astronautics.

• Reserve Bank of India:
  • The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935, in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
  • It acts as a Banker to the Government as well as banker to banks.
  • Shaktikanta Das is the present Governor of RBI.
  • The Reserve Bank of India was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission.
  • RBI was nationalized on January 1, 1949.

• The office of West Central Railway is located in Jabalpur.

• Itarsi is the largest railway junction of Madhya Pradesh.
• Currently, Madhya Pradesh has three railway zones: Central Railway, South-Eastern Railway, and Western Railway.

• Gwalior comes under the North Central Railway.
• Chhindawara comes under the Southeast railway.
• Indore comes under the Western railway.
• The office of West Central Railway is located in Jabalpur.
• Itarsi is the largest railway junction of Madhya Pradesh.

• The 'Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy' (SVPNPA), trains officers of the Indian Police Service (IPS).
• The IPS cadre is controlled by the Home Ministry of the Government of India.
• The academy was established on 15 September 1948 in Mount Abu, Rajasthan as the 'Central Police Training College' (CPTC).
• Indian Forest Service officers are trained at the 'Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy' in Dehradun.
• Pune is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
• Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh and Chandigarh is the capital of Punjab and Haryana.

• The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is a policy think tank of the Government of India, formed on January 1, 2015.
• Its headquarters is in New Delhi.
• NITI Aayog replaced Planning Commission with emphasis on the ‘Bottom –Up’ approach to envisage the vision of Maximum Governance, Minimum Government.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the Chairman of NITI Aayog.
• Suman Bery : Vice-Chairman NITI Aayog.
• BVR Subrahmanyam is the CEO of NITI Aayog.

• The National Institute of Virology, Pune, is a research institute for Indian virology and one of the translational science cells of the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR). It was formerly referred to as the 'Virus Research Center' and was founded in partnership with the Rockefeller Foundation.
• It has been named in the SE Asia area as a WHO H5 reference laboratory. Under the joint auspices of the ICMR and the Rockefeller Foundation, the Virus Research Center (VRC), Pune, came into being in 1952 as part of a global research program on the arthropod-borne virus community.
• The VRC was re-designated in 1978 as the National Institute of Virology (NIV) in view of its enlarged reach and activities.
• The NIV is known as the WHO Collaborating Center for reference and research on arboviruses and hemorrhagic fever. NIV is also the National Influenza, Japanese Encephalitis, Rota, Measles, Hepatitis and Coronavirus Control Centre.

• The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India's leading authority for the formulation, organization and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the world's oldest and largest medical research bodies.
• Through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the ICMR is financed by the Government of India.
• The organization established the Clinical Trials Registry - India in 2007, which is India's national clinical trials registry.

• The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO) under Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the National Regulatory Authority (NRA) of India.
• Its headquarter is located in New Delhi.
• Mansukh Mandaviya is the union minister of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

• Drug Controller General of India: Dr. Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi

• National Safety Council is a non-profit, self-financing body at the national level in India.
  • National Safety Council was formed on 4^th March 1966.
  • It was established to generate, develop, and sustain a voluntary movement on Safety, Health, and Environment at the national level.
  • It was set up by the Ministry of Labour, Government of India.
  • The headquarters of the National Safety Council, India (NSC) is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
  • It was registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950.
• To major activities performed by National Safety Council includes:
  • Organizing and conducting specialized training programmes/courses, conferences, seminars & workshops.
  • Conducting consultancy studies such as safety audits, safety ratings, hazard evaluation & risk assessment.
  • Designing and developing HSE promotional materials & publications.

• The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993.
• It is under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.
• It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
• The NHRC is the National Human Rights Commission of India, responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights, defined by the Act as "Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India.".
• It encourages the efforts of NGOs and institutions congress to work in the field of human rights.

• The headquarters of NHRC is Sardar Patel Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
• The chairman of NHRC is Arun Kumar Mishra (August 2021).
• The Secretary-General of NHRC is Jaideep Govind.
• The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is in Geneva.
• The current High Commissioner of the United Nations Human Rights Commission is Michelle Bachelet of Chile.​​

• Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) is an international NGO that works for the pragmatic cognizance of human rights throughout the Commonwealth nations.

• Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative was formed in 1987.
• The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative was formed to promote and defend human rights in the Commonwealth.
• The two regional offices of Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative are based in London (U.K.) and Accra (Ghana).
• Sanjoy Hazarika is the director of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative.
• English is the official language of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative.

• The Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) is an institution of basic research and training in physical and biophysical sciences located in Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal.
• The institute is named after the famous Indian physicist Meghnad Saha.
• It was established in 1950.
• Meghnad Saha FRS was an Indian astrophysicist who developed the Saha ionization equation, used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars.
• His work allowed astronomers to accurately relate the spectral classes of stars to their actual temperatures.
• He was elected to the Parliament of India in 1952.

• Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha established the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (AEET) in January 1954.
• It was established as a multidisciplinary research program essential for the ambitious nuclear program of India.
• After the sad demise of Bhabha in 1966, AEET was renamed Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC).
• The headquarters of ISRO is situated in Bengaluru.
• The Secretariat of DOS and headquarters of ISRO are located at Antariksh Bhavan in Bangaluru.
• ISRO was formed on 15 August 1969.
• S. Somanath (As of April 2022) is the current chairman of ISRO.
• Satish Dhawan Space Centre is located at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh was established in 1971.
• It is an agency responsible for providing launch base infrastructure for the Indian space programme.

• Some important research institutes across India:

• Gingee Fort Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu has not been notified as a National Geo-heritage Monument by the Geological Survey of India (GSI).

• The Geological Survey of India identified 26 geological sites till now.

• The Geological Survey of India (GSI) is the organisation that studies various aspects of the Earth forming processes and evolution of life.
• GSI is also the primary custodian of the rocks and fossils of the country.
• GSI has been made the sole custodian and curator of all meteorites within the Indian boundary.
• It has been declared as the nodal agency for collection, preservation, registration, and dissemination of all meteorite falls/finds within the country.
• The declaration was made by the Ministry of Mines.
• The GSI is headquartered in Kolkata.

• Gujarat to set up Vikram Sarabhai Children Innovation Center in the state.
  • The aim behind setting up the Vikram Sarabhai Children Innovation Center (VSCIC) to identify, nurture, and promote children's innovation in the state.
  • The Vikram Sarabhai Children Innovation Center will be a dedicated space to tap into children's innovation in Gujarat.
  • The innovation centre will reportedly be set up at Gujarat University's Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Centre for Extension Research and Innovation.

• The National Institute of Agriculture and Marketing is situated in Jaipur.
• The National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM) is a national level institute set up by the Ministry of Agriculture, on 8 August 1988.
• Dr. P Chandra Shekara is the director of the National Institute of Agricultural Marketing.
• NIAM has been engaged in preparing development proposals and providing required consultancy services for institutions and corporations dealing with agricultural marketing.
• Indian Institute of Pulses Research is a government institute in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.
• It was established in the year 1983 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Shankar's International Dolls Museum

• The International Dolls Museum is a large collection of dolls.
• It is situated in New Delhi. Hence option 4 is correct.
• It was set up by K Shankar Pillai, a political cartoonist.
• The collections of dolls are classified into two parts.

• SINP (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), Research in the nuclear sciences, has its roots in the activities initiated and led by Prof. Meghnad Saha in 1940.
• The journey, which began with the design and construction of a small cyclotron and the measurement of a fission cross-section of 235U by a limited number of committed staff, has gone a long way in discovering the secrets of atoms, nucleus and molecules, using state-of-the-art techniques at present and involving various groups of people spread across the world.
• During this time, a 14.8 MeV neutron generator was also successfully installed in the Institute.
• The initial efforts in nuclear physics science, which began with the small cyclotron and the 14.8 MeV generator, were filled with the installation of the Variable Energy Cyclotron at VECC, Kolkata, West Bengal.

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian state-owned aerospace and defence company headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India.
• HAL was established on 23 December 1940 by Walchand Hirachand who became Chairman of the company.
• It is governed under the management of the Indian Ministry of Defence.
• The government-owned corporation is primarily involved in the operations of aerospace.
• It is currently involved in the design, fabrication and assembly of aircraft, jet engines, helicopters and their spare parts.
• It has several facilities spread across India including Bangalore, Nasik, Korwa, Kanpur, Koraput, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Barrackpore and Kasaragod.
• The HAL HF-24 Marut fighter-bomber was the first fighter aircraft made in India.

About National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM):

• It is a Premier Institute for Training and Capacity Development programs for managing Natural disasters in India, on a national as well as on a regional basis.
• The National Centre of Disaster Management (NCDM), constituted under an Act of Parliament in 1995 was renamed to give the present name of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) by the Disaster Management Act 2005, passed by the President of India on 9 January 2006.
• The main objective of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) is To work as a Consulting Agency for the Government of India by providing Assistance in policy formulation and to facilitate in Reducing the Impact of Natural Disasters through its Technological innovations.
• The organization is Presided by the Union Home Minister of India.

Image of NIDM:

Notes:

• The current Executive Director of NIDM is Major General Manoj Kumar Bindal (October 2020).

• The Central AGMARK Laboratory is situated in Nagpur, Maharastra.
• The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection was set up in 1935 to implement the agricultural marketing policies and programs for the integrated development of marketing of agricultural and other allied products in the country.
• The primary aim of its establishment was to safeguard the interests of farmers as well as consumers.

• There is a network of 22 Regional Agmark Laboratories at different places in the country and Central AGMARK Laboratory is the apex laboratory.
• These laboratories have been established to formulate standards and conduct physical and chemical analysis of agricultural and allied commodities.
• The Central Agmark Laboratory has the specialized commodity divisions for carrying out research and standardization work more efficiently which include:-
  • Agricultural Products (Food grains)
  • Spices and Essential Oils
  • Oils and Fats
  • General Chemistry
  • Livestock Products including microbiology
  • Toxicology
• The Central Lab advises on technical matters to various quality control agencies and State Government Grading Laboratories, in relation to the grading of various agricultural commodities, food under Agmark.

Option 2 is NOT correct.

• The Food Corporation of India is an organisation under the government of India.
• It was set up under the food corporation's act in 1964.
• The key objectives of the Food Corporation of India are:
  • Ensuring that farmers are not forced to sell their produce below MSP by providing effective price support operations.
  • Setting up purchase centers to buy produce from the farmers.
  • Distribution of foodgrains throughout the country for the public distribution system.
  • Maintaining a satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of foodgrains to ensure National Food Security.
  • To intervene in the market for price stabilization.
• The headquarters of the food corporation of India is inNew Delhi.
• Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution is the parent organisation of the food corporation of India.

• Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) was set up in 1959.

• CAZRI is carrying out systematic research on understanding and managing hot arid region's natural resources, sustainable farming systems, improvement of plant resources especially the crops, livestock production and management and use of alternate energy resources through six divisions.
• Research on sustainable farming in an arid ecosystem.
• Repository of information on natural resources and desertification.
• Livestock-based farming systems.
• Management practices for the chronically drought-affected areas.

• Central Arid Zone Research Institute, is a Premier Organisation of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
• It is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
• Motto -Enhancing resilience of arid lands
• Location -Jodhpur, Rajasthan
• Director - Dr O.P. Yadav
• Regional Stations:
  • Bhuj
  • Bikaner
  • Jaisalmer
  • Pali-Marwar
  • Leh

• Airports Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA)
  • It is a regulatory agency under the Government of India to regulate tariffs and other expenditures & fees for major airports.
  • It is a statutory body constituted under the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act (AERA), 2008.
• IATA:
  • The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is the trade association for the world’s airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 82% of total air traffic.
  • IATA is led byWillie Walsh, Director General & CEO since April 2021.
  • Its headquarters is located in Canada.
  • IATA supports many areas of aviation activity and helps formulate industry policy on critical aviation issues.​
  • IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff conferences that served as a forum for price-fixing.
• DGCA:
  • The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the statutory body formed under the Aircraft (Amendment) Bill, 2020.
  • This directorate investigates aviation accidents and incidents.
  • It is headquartered along Sri Aurobindo Marg, opposite Safdarjung Airport, in New Delhi.
  • The Government of India is planning to replace the organization with a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).