MCQs on State Government of India for Govt. Exams

In Odisha, there 21 Lok sabha seats are present.

• The main parties active in Odisha's politics are the Biju Janata Dal, the National Indian Congress, and the Bhartiya Janata Party.
• Following the 2019 Odisha State Assembly Election, the Naveen Patnaik-led Biju Janata Dal remained in power for the sixth consecutive term, he is Odisha's 14th chief minister since 2000.
• The state of Odisha has a unicameral legislature. The Legislative Assembly of Odisha consists of 147 elected Members.
• The executive authority is in the Council of Ministers, headed by the chief minister, although the governor of Odisha is the titular head of government.

• A bench of justices DY Chandrachud and Hemant Gupta also said the 16 rebel Congress MLAs who had resigned and were at a Bengaluru resort, should be provided security if they wished to return to Bhopal and take part in the voting.

• Madhya Pradesh state is made up of 54 Districts, which are grouped into 10 divisions. The capital of MP is Bhopal.
• Madhya Pradesh has a 230-seat state legislative assembly.
• Madhya Pradesh also sends 40 members me to the Parliament of India: 29 are elected to the Lok Sabha (Lower House) and 11 to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
• As of December 2020, the current governor is Lalji Tandon, and the chief minister is Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

• The Lok Sabha of Telangana has 17 seats.
• Hyderabad's Lok Sabha is one of the 17 legislative constituencies of Lok Sabha (Lower House of Parliament) in the Telangana state.
• Demarcation of the Hyderabad Lok Sabha Constituency took place in 2008.
• The Legislature is bicameral, with 119 members of the Legislative Assembly and 40 members of the Legislative Council.
• Rajya Sabha has 7 seats.
• Telangana is governed by a democratic system of representative democracy, which is shared by the state with other Indian states.
• As of 2020, the chief minister of Telangana is K. Chandrashekar Rao.

• Ranchi is the capital of Jharkhand.
• The center of the Jharkhand movement was Ranchi, which called for a separate state for the tribal areas of western West Bengal, South Bihar, northern Orissa, and the eastern part of what is now Chhattisgarh.
• By dividing the Bihar divisions of Santhal Parganas and Chota Nagpur, the Jharkhand state was created on 15 November 2000.
• Ranchi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be constructed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

• The Jharkhand state shares its boundaries with the northern states of Bihar, northwest of Uttar Pradesh, west of Chhattisgarh, south of Odisha, and east of West Bengal.
• It has 79,710 km² of surface area. It is by area the 15th largest state and by population the 14th largest. Hindi is the state's official language.

• Patna is Bihar's largest and capital city.
• Patna is an ancient city in Bihar, northeast India, that spreads along the south bank of the Ganges River.

• Ladakh became a Union Territory on 31st October 2019.
• Earlier, he was the Chief Information Commissioner of India till 2018.
• He is also retired as India's Defence Secretary.
• He has also served as:
  • Defense production secretary of India.
  • Micro, small, and medium enterprises secretary of India.
  • Chief Secretary of Tripura.
  • He is a retired IAS officer.
• The present Lieutenant-Governor of Ladakh is B D Mishra

• The Legislative Assembly of Tripura comprises elected members and special office bearers who are chosen by the people.
• Meetings of the Assembly shall be chaired by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker if the Speaker is absent.
• The Legislative Assembly (MLA) is unicameral with 60 members.
• The governor nominates the party leader or a party alliance with a majority in the Legislative Assembly as the chief minister.
• On the advice of the chief minister, the Council of Ministers is appointed by the governor. The Ministerial Council shall report to the Legislative Assembly.
• The capital city of Tripura is Agartala.

• To combat coronavirus, the Kerala government has launched a mass handwashing campaign called 'break the chain'.
• The goal of the campaign is to educate individuals about the value of public and private hygiene.
• The government has built water taps at public spots, such as at the entrance and exit gates of the railway stations with hand wash bottles, during this campaign.
• The government of Kerala also encourages individuals to use hand sanitisers while they are outside. In all workplaces, sanitisers have been made available as well.

• Chief Minister of Kerala: Pinarayi Vijayan
• Governor of Kerala: Arif Mohammed Khan
• Capital of Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram

State Public Service Commission (SPSC) is a State recruiting agency responsible for the appointment and examination of individual State Services. For example Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC), Haryana Public Service Commission (HPSC), etc. The Governor is the Chief executive head of the State.

Appointments made by the President of India:

• Chairman and Members of Union Public Service Commission.
• Chief Justice and other judges of Supreme Court of India and respective State and Union Territory High Court.
• Chief Minister of National Capital Territory of Delhi.
• Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
• Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• Attorney General of India.

Appointments made by the Governor:

• Chief Minister of a State.
• Advocate General of State.
• Chairman and Members of State Public Service Commission.
• State Election Commissioner.
• Council of Ministers.
• Chief Secretary.

Appointments made by Prime Minister:

• The Prime minister provides advice to the President for the appointment of the Attorney General of India, Solicitor General of India, Ministers.

Appointments made by the Chief Minister:

• Provides advice to the Governor for different appointments.

• He is the 16th Chief Minister of Gujarat from 7 August 2016.

• Sikkim became the 22nd State of India.
• It was done by the Constitution (36th Amendment) Act 1975.
• The Act provides that the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim shall consist of not less than thirty-two members and that the Assembly of Sikkim formed as a result of the elections held in Sikkim in April 1974 with 32 members elected in the said elections (hereinafter referred to as the sitting members) shall be deemed to be the legislative Assembly of the State of Sikkim duly constituted under the Constitution.

• Sikkim is situated to the North East of the union and has a geographical area of 7096 km.
• It has to have only a population of 5 lakhs and 40 thousand.
• It was a tiny Himalayan kingdom once ruled by the hereditary monarchy for about 3 centuries from 17 century A.D.
• In 1950 the kingdom became a protectorate of the Government of India vested with autonomy in its internal affairs while its defence, communications, and external relation under the responsibility of the protector.
• The kingdom finally opted to become a full-fledged State of the Indian Union with effect from 26 April 1975 vide the Constitution 36th Amendment Act 1975 with special provision laid for the State under article 371(F) of the Constitution of India.

Appointments made by the President of India:

• Chairman and Members of Union Public Service Commission.
• Chief Justice and other judges of Supreme Court of India and respective State and Union Territory High Court.
  Chief Minister of Nation Capital Territory of Delhi.
• Comptroller and Auditor General.
• Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• Attorney General of India.

Appointments made by the Governor:

• Chief Minister of a State.
• Advocate General of State.
• Chairman and Members of State Public Service Commission.
• State Election Commissioner.
• Council of Ministers.
• Chief Secretary.

Appointments made by Prime Minister:

• The Prime minister provides advice to the President for the appointment of the Attorney General of India, Solicitor General of India, Ministers, etc.

Appointments made by the Chief Minister:

• Provides advice to the Governor for different appointments.

• The Governor holds his office for a term of 5 years from the date on which he enters his office.
  • According to Article 156 of the Indian Constitution, a Governor holds office for a term of five years from the date on which he assumes his office.
  • The five-year term is not fixed and the Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President.
  • Hence, this statement is correct.
• He has the power to summon or prorogue the state legislature and dissolve the state assembly.
  • Article 174 of the Indian Constitution grants the Governor the power to summon or prorogue the state legislature and dissolve the legislative assembly.
  • This power must be exercised according to the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister.
  • Hence, this statement is correct.
• The Governor cannot return a money bill for the reconsideration of the state legislature.
  • Article 200 states that the Governor cannot return a money bill to the state legislature for reconsideration.
  • A money bill is deemed to have been passed by the State Legislature when it is presented to the Governor for assent, even if he withholds it.
  • Hence, this statement is correct.
• One person cannot be appointed as Governor for two or more States.
  • Article 153 of the Indian Constitution permits the appointment of the same person as the Governor for two or more states.
  • This provision allows for administrative convenience and efficiency in governance.
  • There are instances in India where one person has been appointed as the Governor for multiple states.
  • Hence, this statement is incorrect.

• Article 156:
  • This Article gives the Governor a tenure of five years but notes that the Governor serves at the pleasure of the President.
  • A Governor can resign at any time by addressing a resignation letter to the President.
• Article 174:
  • This Article empowers the Governor to summon, prorogue the state legislature, and dissolve the legislative assembly.
  • These powers are generally exercised based on the advice of the state's Council of Ministers.
• Financial Bills:
  • Money bills can only be introduced in the state's legislative assembly with the prior recommendation of the Governor.
  • The Governor must give assent to a money bill and cannot return it for reconsideration.
• Governor for Multiple States:
  • Article 153 allows a person to be appointed as the Governor for two or more states to streamline administrative functions and reduce redundancy.
  • Examples include states like Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh sharing the same Governor.

• Telangana became the 29th State of India with Hyderabad as its capital on 2 June 2014.
• Chandrasekhar Rao, the chief of Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS) was sworn-in as the first Chief Minister of Telangana.
• The state of Telangana was formed according to the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill 2014.
• Telangana is surrounded by Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh in the North, Karnataka in the West, and Andhra Pradesh in the South and East directions.
• ESL Narasimhan was the governor at the time of the formation of the new state of Telangana.

• Rabindra Nath Mahato was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly on January 7, 2019.

• The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) MLA was administered the oath of office by pro-term Speaker Stephen Marandi.
  • The pro-term speaker had earlier sworn in all the newly-elected MLAs in the 81-member Jharkhand Assembly on January 6, 2020.
• Rabindra Nath Mahato's name was proposed for the speaker post by Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren.
• JMM MLA Champai Soren had supported the proposal during the second day of the three-day assembly session.
• The CM wished the newly elected Speaker on taking up the new post, while Ravindra Nath Mahto expressed his gratitude towards the assembly members for his election for the post.
• Speaking on his appointment, the new Jharkhand Assembly Speaker Mahto said that he is ready to take up the new responsibility as the state assembly speaker. He said that he will ensure the sanctity of the post and treat both the ruling and opposition members equally.
• During the second day of the Jharkhand Assembly Session, Governor Draupadi Murmu emphasized the conservation of land, water, forests to bring overall development of the state. The supplementary budget worth Rs 4,210 crore was also tabled in the assembly by CM Hemant Soren.

• The current 11th Governor of Jharkhand is Mr.C P Radhakrishnan.

• The Revenue Board was established on 1 November 1949 by the State Chief Ordinance as the head regulator and controller for revenue administration and the top court of revenue affairs in the state of Rajasthan.
• In 1956, in place of the said Ordinance, the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1950 was enacted.
• The Revenue Board is the state's highest appeal, review, and reference revenue court in revenue cases, which has three types of powers.
  • Appeal
  • Reconsideration
  • References

• The Revenue Board is headquartered in Ajmer.
• Its Circuit Bench is in Jaipur.
• Its first chairman was Mr. Brij Chandra Sharma.
• The area of ​​governance of the revenue division is the whole of Rajasthan.
• It is a quasi-judicial body.
• Dr. R. Venkateswaran is the current chairman of the Revenue Board of Rajasthan,

• Sarojini Naidu was the first female to become the governor of an Indian state. She governed Uttar Pradesh from 15 August 1947 to 2 March 1949. Her daughter, Padmaja Naidu, is the longest-serving female governor with 11-year tenure in West Bengal.

• Sucheta Kripalani , (25 June 1908 – 1 December 1974) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. She was India's first woman Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government from 1963 to 1967.
• Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was the first and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India.
• Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was an Indian diplomat and politician who was elected as the first female president of the United Nations General Assembly.

• Thawar Chand Gehlot is an Indian politician who is the current and 19th Governor of Karnataka since July 2021.
• He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
• He was Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment and also the BJP's Rajya Sabha leader, the constituency in Madhya Pradesh.

• Karnataka:
  • ​Capital - Bengaluru
  • Lok Sabha seats - 28
  • Rajya Sabha seats - 12

• Uttar Pradesh with a capacity of 403 members has the largest Legislative Assembly in India.

• Madhya Pradesh presently comprises 230 members in Legislative Assembly which is also known as Vidhan Sabha.
• 288 members of the Legislative Assembly are directly elected from the single-seat constituencies in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha.

The Legislative assembly of Telangana has 119 seats.

• Telangana is governed by a democratic system of representative democracy, which is shared by the state with other Indian states.
• The leader of the majority party or coalition in the Legislative Assembly shall be appointed by the Governor as Chief Minister and, on the advice of the Chief Minister, the Chancellor shall be appointed by the Council of Ministers.
• The Council of Ministers shall report to the Legislative Assembly.
• The assembly, the Legislative Assembly of Telangana and the Legislative Council of Telangana shall be comprised of elected representatives and special office holders, such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, who shall be chosen by the voters.
• During the absence of the president, the Assembly sessions shall be presided by the Deputy Speaker.

• According to the constitution, the Council of Ministers constitutes 15% of the total number of legislators (91st Amendment Amendment).
• The maximum number of ministers in Rajasthan is 30 which is 15% of 200.

• The Council of Ministers in states is mentioned in Articles 163, 164, and 167.
• The Council of Ministers is headed by the Chief Minister.
• There are three classes of ministers:
  • Cabinet minister
  • Minister of State
  • Deputy Minister
• Cabinet ministers are in charge of important departments.
• The cabinet-level group of ministers is called the cabinet ministers.
• Ministers of State are appointed to assist cabinet ministers.
• Deputy Ministers are there to assist the State Ministers.
• Sometimes the Ministers of State are also given independent departments.

• Cabinet Secretariat:
  • The administrative head is the chief secretary.
  • The political head is the chief minister.

• Madhya Pradesh is known as the 'heart of India'.
• Madhya Pradesh has no coastline and no international frontier.
• Madhya Pradesh state was formed on 1^st November 1956.
• Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.

• The state flower of Madhya Pradesh is White Lili.
• The State bird of Madhya Pradesh is Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradise).
• The State tree of Madhya Pradesh is the “India Banyan” tree(Ficus benghlensis).
• The State animal of Madhya Pradesh is the Swamp deer(also called Barasingha).
• The State fish of Madhya Pradesh is Mahasheer (locally also known as Mahaseer Baudas).

• Mohanlal Sukhadia

  • Mohan Lal Sukhadia was born on 31 July 1916 in Jhalawar, Rajasthan.
  • ​He was one of the famous politicians of Rajasthan.
  • He is also called the "Creator of modern Rajasthan".
  • Mohan Lal Sukhadia had been the Chief Minister of Rajasthan for the longest time.
  • He served as the Chief Minister of Rajasthan for the most time for about 17 years.
  • He was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1954 to 1971.
  • Later also served as the Governor of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.

  • He served as Irrigation and Labour Minister during the Manikya Lal Verma period.

• Jay Narayan Vyas

  • ​He was the third nominated Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 26 April 1951 to 3 March 1952.
  • He was the only nominated and elected Chief minister of Rajasthan.
  • He was from Jodhpur.

  • He was the leader of the Indian National Congress.

• Barkatullah Khan

  • ​He was the only Muslim Chief Minister of Rajasthan.
  • he served from 09 July 1971 to 11 October 1973.
  • He died in office.

  • He was Chief Minister during the Indo-Pak War.

• Bhairon Singh Shekhawat

  • ​Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (23 October 1923 - 15 May 2010) was the Vice President of India.
  • He held this post from 19 August 2002 to 21 July 2007.
  • He was the Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 1977 to 1980,1990 to 1992 and 1993 to 1998.
  • He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
  • He was the Non-Congress Chief Minister of Rajasthan.

According to Article 361 of the Constitution of India, a criminal proceeding cannot be instituted in a court against the Governor during his term of office.

• The President or Governor, while in the office is not personally responsible for any court for the exercise and execution of their powers.
• Article 361 makes it clear that any court, tribunal or entity appointed or appointed by any House of Parliament to investigate a complaint pursuant to Article 61 can bring the President's conduct under investigation.
• Any criminal proceedings cannot be started or continued in any court during its term of office against the President, or the Governor of a State.
• No court may grant arrest warrants for either President or Governor.
• Civil proceedings against a Governor or President over actions that he has done in his personal capacity can only be carried out with the prior notice of 2 months.

Conditions to be fulfilled to become Chief Minister of any state in India:

• He/she must be a citizen of India.
• He/she must have completed the age of twenty-five years.

GOVERNOR:

• State executive consists of the Governor and Council of Ministers including the Chief Minister.
• The Governor of a State is appointed by the President for a term of five years and holds office during his pleasure. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment to this office. The executive power of the State is vested in Governor.
• Council of Ministers with Chief Minister as head aids and advises Governor in the exercise of his functions except in so far as he is by or under the Constitution required to exercise his functions or any of them in his discretion.
• In respect of Nagaland, Governor has special responsibility under Article 371 A of the Constitution with respect to law and order and even though it is necessary for him to consult the Council of Ministers in matters relating to law and order, he can exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken.
• All Governors while discharging such constitutional functions as the appointment of Chief Minister of a State or sending a report to President about the failure of constitutional machinery in a State or in respect of matters relating to assent to a Bill passed by the legislature, exercise their own judgment.

Chief Minister is the head of the state government.

• While the governor is the nominal executive of the state government, the person who becomes the chief minister is the real executive of the government.
• The real executive is called ‘de facto’ executive which means, ‘in fact, whether by right or not.’

Just like the Prime Minister, provisions of whose appointment are not mentioned in the Indian Constitution, the Chief Minister’s appointment particulars are not mentioned in the Constitution.

• According to Article 164 in the Indian Constitution, Governor appoints Chief Minister.
• However, the Governor cannot appoint any random person as the Chief Minister but has to follow a provision.
• A leader of the party that has got the majority share of votes in the assembly elections, is appointed as the Chief Minister of the state.

Thus, we can conclude that the governor appoints the Chief Minister.

• According to the Article-164,
  • The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister, and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor.
  • The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the State.
  • Before a Minister enters upon his office, the Governor shall administer so him the oaths of office and of secrecy according to the forms set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule.
  • A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall at the expiration of that period cease to be a Minister
• The Chief Minister may be a member of any of the two houses of the state legislature.

• The Governor of the concerned State administers the oath of office to the Chief Minister of a State.

• The way the President of India administers the oath of office to the Prime Minister, similarly the role of President is performed by the Governor in a state.
• The Governor act as the nominal head of the state and all the executive powers are vested in him.
• The Governor appoints CM of the state, the Council of Ministers, Advocate General, Chairman and members of State Public Service Commission, State Election Commissioner
• Vice-President of India acts as the speaker of the Upper House of Parliament, i.e., Rajya Sabha.
• Articles 153 to 162 deal with the Governor of a state.

• The governor is appointed by the President of India for a term of five years and holds office at the President's pleasure.
• The governor is the de jure head of the state government, all its executive actions are taken in the governor's name.
• Article 155 of the Indian Constitution says - "The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal".
• A person to be eligible for appointment as Governor should be a citizen of India and has completed the age of 35 years.

• The state executive is made up of the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, and Advocate-General of State. Governor, as President, heads the state government.
• Article 153-167 in the Indian Constitution deal with the provisions related to the state governments of the country.
• The Indian President appoints Governor for each state by warrant under his hand and seal. Central Government is responsible to nominate the governor for each state.

• Currently, six states viz. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh have a legislative council.
• Legislative Council or Vidhan Parishad is the upper house in bicameral legislatures in some states of India.

Abolition or Creation

Article 169: The Parliament can abolish a legislative council or create by a simple majority, that is a majority of the members of each house present and voting, if the legislative assembly of the concerned state, by a special majority , passes a resolution to that effect.

Special Majority implies

• A Majority of the total membership of the assembly
• A majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the assembly present and voting.
• Article 171 states that the total number of the Legislative Council should not exceed the 1/3rd of the total number of members of the Legislative assembly, but it should not be less than 40.
• Recently Government Abolished 36-member Legislative Council of Jammu & Kashmir.

• The correct statement is The Governor can dissolve the Legislative Assembly of a State.
• The Head of the State is the Governor. She/He is appointed by the Central Government to ensure that the State Government works within the rules and regulations of the Constitution.
• After the elections, it is the Governor of the state who appoints the chief minister and other ministers.
• The Governor is appointed by the central government and therefore, the actions of the Governor are often viewed as interference by the Central government in the functioning of the State government.

• Sarojini Naidu was the first female governor of India, she was the governor of Uttar Pradesh from 1947 to 1949.

Peepal is the state tree of Bihar.

• There are 31 seats in Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh.
• With 31 seats in Rajya Sabha, Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of seats in the Rajya Sabha.
• Uttar Pradesh has 80 Lok Sabha constituencies.

Other states Rajya Sabha seats:

• A Governor is an official who has the power of governing the executive branch of the sub-national level of government i.e. State or Union Territory.
• They have similar power and functions as that of the President at the Union level.
• In case of a decision granted/announced by the Court of a district/state, the Governor has the power to grant pardon to the accused.
• The Governor, as well as the President, has the power to alter the decision announced by the court to grant pardon, suspend, remit, and commute a death sentence.

Important Articles related to the Governor:

• Article 155: Appointment
• Article 157 and 158: Eligibility of Governor
• Article 161: Pardoning power
• Article 200: Assent to Bills passed by the state legislature to be amended
• Article 201: Bills reserved by Governor for President’s consideration
• Article 213: Power to promulgate Ordinance
• Article 233: Appointment of District Judges

• The Governor cannot pardon the Death sentence which only can be pardoned by the President.
• The Governor has the power to suspend, remit or commute a sentence of death.
• For a pardon, the accused has to file a mercy petition to the Governor or President.

• The Indian state of Bihar has a legislative council.
• Other states having Legislative Council are
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Karnataka
  • Maharashtra
  • Telangana (latest)
  • Uttar Pradesh.

• After the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir in November 2019, State legislative council of Jammu and Kashmir was abolished.

• Composition
  • Under Article 171 of the Constitution, the Legislative Council of a state shall not have more than one-third of the total strength of the State Assembly, and not less than 40 members.
  • As the Rajya Sabha, the legislative council is a continuing chamber, that is, it is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution.
    • The tenure of a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) is six years, with one-third of the members retiring every two years.
• Manner of Election
  • One-third of the MLCs are elected by the state’s MLAs,
  • Another 1/3rd by a special electorate comprising sitting members of local governments such as municipalities and district boards,
  • 1/12th by an electorate of teachers and another 1/12th by registered graduates.
  • The remaining members are appointed by the Governor for distinguished services in various fields namely, literature, science, art, cooperative movement, and social service.

• Duties performed by District Collector are:
  • Proper Management of Government Lands
  • Recovery of land revenue
  • Preparation of land records
• All the above duties are performed by District Collector.

• Powers, Duties and Responsibilities District Magistrate/Collector
  • The District Magistrate or the Collector is the chief executive and chief administrative and revenue officer of a district. He makes necessary co-ordination of the official agencies functioning within the district.
• The functions and responsibilities of the District Magistrate Collector may be broadly classified as:
  • Collector
  • District Magistrate
  • Deputy Commissioner
  • Chief Protocol Officer
  • Chief Development Officer
  • Returning Officer
• The duties and responsibilities of a collector are as follows:
  • Land assessment
  • Land acquisition
  • Collection of land revenue, maintenance of land records, land reforms, consolidation of holdings, etc
  • Collection of income tax dues, excise duties, irrigation dues, etc.
  • Distribution of agricultural loans
  • Disaster management during natural calamities such as floods, famines, or epidemics
  • Crisis management during riots or external aggression
  • Chairman of the District Bankers Coordination Committee
  • Head of the District Industries Centre

• Virbhadra Singh is an Indian politician.
  • He served as the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh from 2012 to 2017.
  • He is the longest-serving Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh.
  • He was a member of the Indian Delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1976.
• Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu is the present Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh.
• Bhagwant Mann is the present Chief Minister of Punjab.
• Manohar Lal Khattar is the present Chief Minister of Haryana.
• Tirath Singh Rawat is the present Chief Minister of Uttarakhand.

List of Indian chief ministers appointed after 2019:

• Devendra Fadnavis served as the Chief Minister of Maharashtra for the shortest tenure ever.
  • He served from 23rd November 2019 to 26th November 2019 for 80hr.
  • Devendra Gangadharrao Fadnavis is an Indian politician who is the current Leader of the Opposition in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.
  • He also served as the 18th Chief Minister of Maharashtra, in office from 31 October 2014 to 8 November 2019.
  • He was the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra from the Bharatiya Janata Party.

• Uddhav Bal Thackeray is an Indian politician serving as the 19th Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
  • He is the president of Shiv Sena.
• Aditya Uddhav Thackeray is an Indian Politician serving as Cabinet Minister of Tourism and Environment for the Government of Maharashtra.
  • He is also an MLA of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Mumbai, Maharashtra.
• Ajit Anantrao Pawar is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra, who is the current senior Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra.
  • He is a member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly representing the Baramati constituency.
  • He is the nephew of Sharad Pawar, the chief of the Nationalist Congress Party.
• The current and 20th chief minister of Maharashtra is Eknath Shinde.

• Governor:
  • Under Article 155 of the Indian Constitution, the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President.
  • A person should have completed 35 years of age to be appointed as Governor.
  • The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.
  • The Governor constitutes the State Finance Commission every five years and State election commissioner for elections to the Panchayats.
  • By the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956, the same person can be appointed as a governor for two or more states.
  • He is entitled to receive such emoluments, allowances, and privileges as may be determined by Parliament.
  • When he is appointed for two or more states, the emoluments and allowances payable to him are shared by the respective states in such proportion as determined by the President.
  • Governor whose term has expired may be reappointed in the same state or any other state.

• The first meeting of the Legislative Council was held on 29 July 1937.

• The Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad came into existence by the Government of India Act of 1935.
• The term of a member of the Council was six years with one-third of its members retiring after every three years.
• Sir Sitaram and Begum Aijaz Rasul were elected the President and the Vice-President of the Legislative Council respectively.
• After the independence and adoption of the constitution on 26 January 1950, Chandra Bhal was re-elected the Chairman of the Legislative Council and served until 5 May 1958.
• Uttar Pradesh is one of the six states in India, where the state legislature is bicameral, comprising two houses: the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council).
• The Vidhan Parishad is a permanent House, consisting of 100 members.

• The First Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha were Narottam Joshi and Lal Singh Shekhawat.

• Dr. C.P. Joshi is the current speaker of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha.

• The strength became 200 from the Sixth (1977–80) Legislative Assembly onwards.

• Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
  • The evolution of the House of people's representatives in Rajasthan has an important place in the constitutional history of India as it was the outcome of the merger of 22 princely States of the erstwhile Rajputana with the Union of India.
  • As per the provisions of Article 168 of the newly framed Constitution of India:
    • Every state had to establish a legislature consisting of one or two Houses.
    • Rajasthan opted for unicameral character and its legislature is known as the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly.
    • The legislature, which is running its Fifteenth term, was first elected by the adult franchise in 1952 and this process is continuing with the exceptions of 1967, 1977, 1980, and 1992 when the Presidential Rule was in force.
    • The strength of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly which is determined by the delimitation Commission was 160 in 1952 and presently stands as 200 after many more recommendations of the same Commission.

• ​Important people in the 15^th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
  • ​Speaker: Dr. CP Joshi
  • Chief Minister: Ashok Gehlot
  • Leader of opposition: Gulab Chand Kataria

• The Union government directly governs the union territories.
• Part 8 of the constitution deals with the administration of union territories.
• Lieutenant governor or administrator is appointed by President for the administration of union territories.

• The President is elected by the ruling party at the central and state level.
• The central government will is followed by union territories.
• In the original version of the constitution, there was no concept of union territories.
• The concept of union territories was added by the 7th constitutional amendment act 1956.
• In governing union territories, there exist differences depending upon whether there is a legislative assembly or not in that union territory.
• The smaller union territories are directly governed by the central government.

• Article 176 of the Constitution of India deals with a special address by the Governor.
• The Governor comes under Article 153 to 167 in Part VI of the constitution.
• The Governor is appointed by the president by warrant under his hand and seal.
• The governor is the chief executive head of the state.
• 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 facilitated the appointment of the same person as a Governor for two or more States.

• The president comes under article 52 to 78 in Part V.
• The function of the chief minister is the same as that of the prime minister in the union government.

• Sheila Dikshit was the former Chief Minister of New Delhi.
  • She is the longest-serving female chief minister of any Indian state.
  • She is the longest-serving Chief Minister of Delhi.
  • She led the Congress party to three consecutive electoral victories in Delhi.
  • She served as the Chief Minister of New Delhi for a period of 15 years since 1998.
  • She also served as the Governor of Kerala in 2014.
  • She died on 20^th July 2019.

• Mamata Banerjee is the 8th and current Chief Minister of West Bengal.
  • She serving as the chief minister of West Bengal since 2011.
  • She is the first women chief minister of West Bengal.
• J. Jayalalithaa was the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
  • She served six times as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu between 1991 and 2016.
  • She died on 5 December 2016.
• Sucheta Kripalani was the first women Chief Minister of any Indian state.
  • She served as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1963 to 1967.

• Mizoram is a mountainous region that became the 23rd state of the Indian Union in February 1987.
• Arunachal Pradesh became the 24th state of India on February, 1987.
• Goa became the 25th state of India on 30 May 1987.

• Arunachal Pradesh became the 24th state of India in February 1987.
• Assam and Bihar got full statehood on 26 January 1950 and became the 3rd and 4th states of India respectively.

The incorrect statement is He should have complete the age of 25 years.

• A person should complete the age of 35 for the appointment as the governor.
• Article 153 says that there shall be a Governor for each state.
• Article 157 and Article 158 of the Constitution of India mentioned about the eligibility requirements for the post of Governor.
• The Governor is the chief executive of the state.
• Constitutional heads of the union territories are called Lieutenant Governors.
• The Governor appoints the chief minister of a state.
• The Governors and lieutenant governors are appointed by the president for a term of five years.
• Governor gives his resignation letter to the President.
• Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.
• Seventh constitutional amendment facilitated the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more states.
• Sarojini Naidu was the first female to become the Governor of an Indian state